Ukraine’s divisive mobilization law comes into force as a new Russian push strains front-line troops

A controversial mobilization law took effect in Ukraine over the weekend amidst Kyiv's efforts to bolster troop numbers following Russia's initiation of a new offensive, which threatens to encroach upon Ukraine’s second-largest city.

The legislation, originally diluted from its initial proposal, streamlines the identification process for conscripts nationwide. It also introduces incentives for soldiers, such as cash bonuses or assistance for purchasing a home or vehicle, although some analysts argue Ukraine may struggle to afford these provisions.

Lawmakers hesitated for months before finally passing the law in mid-April, shortly after Ukraine reduced the draft age for men from 27 to 25. These measures underscore the mounting pressure on Ukraine's armed forces after over two years of conflict with Russia, depleting its ranks and stockpiles of weapons and ammunition.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy also signed two additional laws on Friday, allowing prisoners to enlist in the army and significantly increasing fines for draft evasion. These measures were prompted by Russia's early utilization of prisoners in the conflict and Ukraine's urgent need to address personnel shortages.

CONCERNS REGARDING THE LEGISLATION

Oleksii, 68, who operates a car repair business in Kyiv, fears that the law will force him to close shop, anticipating that 70% of his workforce will be mobilized. He expressed concerns over the law's impact on his business operations and the challenges of replacing skilled workers already serving in the military.

Even essential municipal services are anticipated to be disrupted. Viktor Kaminsky, head of a municipal service department in Kyiv, voiced concerns about replacing mobilized staff and meeting service demands, despite provisions allowing him to retain half of eligible workers.

While acknowledging both advantages and drawbacks of the law, Kaminsky suggested that essential workers like his team should be granted more exemptions to mitigate service disruptions.

Deputy Commander Oleksii Tarasenko, from a Ukrainian assault battalion, expressed dissatisfaction with the law's failure to address demobilization concerns, highlighting the psychological toll on soldiers and their families. Early versions of the law proposed demobilization after 36 months of service and rotating frontline personnel serving for over six months, but these clauses were removed at the military's behest.

Ukrainian Forces Under Pressure

Ukraine has grappled with replenishing its forces as Russian troops press forward with a ground offensive, particularly targeting the northeastern Kharkiv region. Amidst ongoing hostilities, Kharkiv has endured significant civilian casualties and infrastructure damage, with thousands evacuated from front-line areas near the Russian border.

Despite international support, including a recent $400 million military aid package from the U.S., Ukrainian military commanders indicate that it will take time for supplies to meet the country's urgent needs.

Volunteers and Evaders

Recruitment head Rusyn noted a 15% increase in enlistment in the 3rd Assault Brigade, emphasizing the lack of alternatives to mobilization. Many young men have volunteered, recognizing the necessity amid the conflict.

However, some Ukrainians have fled the country to evade the draft, leading to increased convictions for draft dodging. Restrictions on men under 60 leaving the country have been implemented, although exceptions exist for certain categories.

Desperate measures, including attempts to cross the Tisza River into neighboring countries, have resulted in tragic fatalities, highlighting the dire circumstances faced by those seeking to avoid conscription.